HPB

Cholecystectomy (Laparoscopic)

CHOLECYSTECTOMY (LAPAROSCOPIC)

Indication: Symptomatic cholelithiasis (biliary colic, acute cholecystitis, gallstone pancreatitis). Standard approach for most patients with gallstone disease.

Patient Position: Supine, reverse Trendelenburg with left lateral tilt.

Anaesthesia: General.

Prophylactic Antibiotics: Per local protocol (not routinely required for elective cases).

Ports: Four ports — umbilical (10–12 mm camera), epigastric (5 mm), right upper quadrant subcostal (5 mm), and right lateral (5 mm). Alternatively, three-port or single-incision technique per surgeon preference.

Procedure:
1. Pneumoperitoneum established. Peritoneal cavity entered and inspected.
2. Patient placed in reverse Trendelenburg with left lateral tilt to displace bowel away from the operative field.