MASTECTOMY (MODIFIED RADICAL) WITH AXILLARY LYMPH NODE CLEARANCE
Indication: Invasive breast carcinoma requiring mastectomy with known or confirmed axillary lymph node involvement (positive sentinel node, clinically node-positive axilla) requiring formal axillary clearance. Retains the pectoralis major muscle (preserving shoulder function) — distinguishing it from Halsted's radical mastectomy.
Patient Position: Supine, arm extended at 90° on arm board.
Anaesthesia: General.
Prophylactic Antibiotics: Per local protocol.