HPB

Cholecystectomy (Open)

CHOLECYSTECTOMY (OPEN)

Indication: Symptomatic gallstone disease where laparoscopic approach is contraindicated or conversion from laparoscopic approach is required (severe inflammation, unclear anatomy, uncontrolled bleeding, bile duct injury). Also indicated in patients with multiple prior abdominal operations creating a hostile abdomen.

Patient Position: Supine with sandbag under the right costal margin.

Anaesthesia: General.

Prophylactic Antibiotics: Per protocol.

Incision: Right subcostal (Kocher) incision or upper midline.

Procedure: