ADRENALECTOMY (OPEN)
Indication: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), large tumours (>6 cm) with features suggesting malignancy, local invasion, or where laparoscopic approach is unsafe. Open approach for ACC is recommended as it improves oncological resection quality compared to laparoscopic approach.
Patient Position: Supine or lateral depending on planned incision.
Anaesthesia: General.