Endocrine

Adrenalectomy (Open)

ADRENALECTOMY (OPEN)

Indication: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), large tumours (>6 cm) with features suggesting malignancy, local invasion, or where laparoscopic approach is unsafe. Open approach for ACC is recommended as it improves oncological resection quality compared to laparoscopic approach.

Patient Position: Supine or lateral depending on planned incision.

Anaesthesia: General.

Incision: Right or left subcostal (Kocher), bilateral subcostal, midline laparotomy, or retroperitoneal flank incision depending on tumour size and extent.

Procedure: